{"id":28267,"date":"2021-09-17T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T22:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.siroko.com\/blog\/c\/svalove-krece-a-cyklistika-vice-otazek-nez-odpovedi\/"},"modified":"2021-09-17T14:26:16","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T12:26:16","slug":"svalove-krece-a-cyklistika-vice-otazek-nez-odpovedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.siroko.com\/blog\/c\/cs\/svalove-krece-a-cyklistika-vice-otazek-nez-odpovedi\/","title":{"rendered":"Svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de a cyklistika. V\u00edce ot\u00e1zek ne\u017e odpov\u011bd\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>Svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de jsou sice jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se cyklist\u00e9 musej\u00ed na sv\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch vypo\u0159\u00e1dat, ale p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jednou <\/span>velkou <\/span>z\u00e1hadou. Nikomu, kdo pravideln\u011b jezd\u00ed \u010di jinak cvi\u010d\u00ed, nemus\u00edme vysv\u011btlovat, jak\u00e9 to je, kdy\u017e v\u00e1s po cest\u011b chytne k\u0159e\u010d. Av\u0161ak d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se tak d\u011bje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt cel\u00e1 \u0159ada, podobn\u011b jako \u201ezaru\u010den\u00fdch\u201c metod, jak jim p\u0159edej\u00edt. Hojn\u011b se doporu\u010duj\u00ed ban\u00e1ny, elektrolyty, nakl\u00e1dan\u00e9 okurky, ho\u0159\u010dice\u2026 takhle bychom mohli pokra\u010dovat do nekone\u010dna, proto\u017ee podobn\u00fdch rad je v\u0161ude plno. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak existuje jen jedin\u00fd vyzkou\u0161en\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zastavit k\u0159e\u010d, kdy\u017e u\u017e p\u0159ijde: prota\u017een\u00ed. Zbytek je jen teorie, tak\u017ee se budeme dr\u017eet pouze odpov\u011bd\u00ed, o jejich\u017e spr\u00e1vnosti jsme v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni:<\/span><\/p>\n

Co je svalov\u00e1 k\u0159e\u010d?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o n\u00e1hl\u00e9, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, nedobrovoln\u00e9 a bolestiv\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed svalu nebo skupiny sval\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuje v oblasti nohou, ale m\u016f\u017ee postihnout i jinou \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla. Tyto stahy se obvykle vyskytuj\u00ed po n\u011bjak\u00e9m cvi\u010den\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b mohou p\u0159ij\u00edt, i kdy\u017e jsme v klidu, a to jak b\u011bhem dne, tak i v noci (i ve sp\u00e1nku).<\/span><\/p>\n

Svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Benign\u00ed idiopatick\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de nohou bez zjevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. K\u0159e\u010de zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 patologick\u00fdmi stavy.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de spojen\u00e9 se cvi\u010den\u00edm (EAMC), na kter\u00e9 se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Pro\u010d n\u00e1s chytaj\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de?<\/b><\/h3>\n

    V prvn\u00edch dvou kategori\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spousta d\u016fvod\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fanava, horko, v\u011bk, \u0161patn\u00e9 dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla, del\u0161\u00ed sezen\u00ed, biomechanick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 obuv, t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, menstruace, nadv\u00e1ha, ur\u010dit\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed probl\u00e9my a dal\u0161\u00ed nemoci, jako selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin nebo hypotyre\u00f3za.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Rovn\u011b\u017e k\u0159e\u010de ve t\u0159et\u00ed kategorii mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, a proto se na n\u011b v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm bod\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me trochu zbl\u00edzka. <\/span>Jak\u00e9 jsou ale fyziologick\u00e9 mechanismy na pozad\u00ed svalov\u00fdch k\u0159e\u010d\u00ed?<\/b> Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b teorie:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Teorie dehydratace a \u00fabytku elektrolyt\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Nervosvalov\u00e1 teorie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Teorie dehydratace<\/b> se poprv\u00e9 objevila po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee<\/span> horn\u00edci pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v hork\u00e9m a vlhk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed trp\u00ed k\u0159e\u010demi<\/span><\/a>. Probl\u00e9m s touto hypot\u00e9zou byl ten (krom\u011b toho, \u017ee byla zalo\u017eena pouze na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed), \u017ee d\u011bln\u00edci dost\u00e1vali k\u0159e\u010de pouze do nohou a oblasti b\u0159icha, a\u010dkoliv dehydratac\u00ed trp\u011blo cel\u00e9 t\u011blo. Pro\u010d se tedy k\u0159e\u010de vyh\u00fdbaly jejich ruk\u00e1m?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Mnoho ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed (<\/span>1<\/span><\/a>,<\/span> <\/a>2<\/span><\/a>,<\/span> <\/a>3<\/span><\/a> a\u00a0<\/span>4<\/span><\/a>) do\u0161lo k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee<\/span> neexistuje prokazateln\u00e1 spojitost mezi dehydratac\u00ed \u010di \u00fabytkem elektrolyt\u016f a k\u0159e\u010demi.<\/b><\/p>\n

      P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byly tyto studie publikov\u00e1ny, se u\u017e pracovalo na druh\u00e9 teorii, kterou vytvo\u0159il<\/span> Schwelnuss se sv\u00fdm t\u00fdmem<\/span><\/a> v roce 1997. Tato teorie pracovala s my\u0161lenkou, \u017ee <\/span>k\u0159e\u010de jsou zp\u016fsobeny selh\u00e1n\u00edm v nervosvalov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu<\/b>. Bylo v n\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedeno, \u017ee EAMC \u201eje zp\u016fsobena trvalou abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivitou m\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho reflexu\u201c. Ve zkratce: Fyzick\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed je obvykle zalo\u017eeno na opakovan\u00e9m \u00fakonu (\u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed do ped\u00e1l\u016f, b\u011bh\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026), tak\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 mozek vys\u00edl\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 impulsy ke sta\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f, zat\u00edmco upoza\u010fuje impulsy k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce \u0161lapeme do ped\u00e1l\u016f, t\u00edm v\u00edce impuls\u016f n\u00e1\u0161 mozek vy\u0161le, a \u010d\u00edm siln\u011bji \u0161lapeme, t\u00edm siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou i sign\u00e1ly ke sta\u017een\u00ed svalu. K\u0159e\u010de se objevuj\u00ed tehdy, nen\u00ed-li dan\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159eru\u0161en, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek neschopnost svalu uvolnit se po sta\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

      P\u0159esto\u017ee tato hypot\u00e9za vypad\u00e1 naprosto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b, jeliko\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u0159e\u010de po dlouhodob\u00e9m \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed do ped\u00e1l\u016f, <\/span>v\u011bdci si st\u00e1le l\u00e1mou hlavu nad t\u00edm, pro\u010d k t\u011bmto selh\u00e1n\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed<\/b>. A n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

      Pro\u010d dost\u00e1v\u00e1m k\u0159e\u010de p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b na kole?\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

      P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit do dvou hlavn\u00edch kategori\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. K\u0159e\u010de zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 svalovou \u00fanavou<\/b>. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bno r\u016fzn\u00fdmi faktory, na kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edv\u00e1me n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. K\u0159e\u010de zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pozic\u00ed na kole.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Ke svalov\u00e9 \u00fanav\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f:<\/b><\/p>\n