{"id":35724,"date":"2022-05-27T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.siroko.com\/blog\/c\/?p=35724"},"modified":"2022-07-08T10:51:45","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T08:51:45","slug":"jak-nafouknout-plaste-kola-na-spravny-tlak-pruvodce-pro-zacatecniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.siroko.com\/blog\/c\/cs\/jak-nafouknout-plaste-kola-na-spravny-tlak-pruvodce-pro-zacatecniky\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak nafouknout pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kola na spr\u00e1vn\u00fd tlak: pr\u016fvodce pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A\u0165 u\u017e jezd\u00edte na horsk\u00e9m, silni\u010dn\u00edm, gravelov\u00e9m \u010di m\u011bstsk\u00e9m kole, jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb v cyklistice je nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch. N\u011bkdy z p\u0159ehu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, v dom\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee pak pojedeme rychleji, jindy kv\u016fli myln\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b, \u017ee jsou pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e9 a \u017ee se z nich vzduch ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pouze p\u0159i defektu. Tak to ale nen\u00ed. Pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tvrd\u00e9 jako k\u00e1men nejsou v\u017edy z\u00e1rukou rychlej\u0161\u00ed j\u00edzdy, nav\u00edc je z hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti dobr\u00e9 zajistit spr\u00e1vn\u00fd tlak podle (krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho) v\u00e1hy jezdce a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky kola. Ale nep\u0159edb\u00edhejme a poj\u010fme rad\u011bji za\u010d\u00edt p\u011bkn\u011b od z\u00e1klad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1klady<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

K ur\u010den\u00ed tlaku v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pumpi\u010dka s tlakom\u011brem, nebo je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe samostatn\u00fd analogov\u00fd \u010di digit\u00e1ln\u00ed tlakom\u011br. Mnoh\u00e9 pumpi\u010dky toti\u017e nejsou 100procentn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9, jeliko\u017e m\u011b\u0159\u00ed tlak v pumpi\u010dce, nikoliv v pl\u00e1\u0161ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dv\u011bma nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi jednotkami pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku jsou: PSI a bar. My budeme uv\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdhradn\u011b PSI. Tabulku pro p\u0159evod obou jednotek najdete n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Na boku pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b a\/nebo na r\u00e1fku najdete v\u00fdrobcem doporu\u010den\u00e9 rozmez\u00ed tlaku, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd tlak (v PSI a\/nebo barech). Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f jsou tato doporu\u010den\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b i tak je dobr\u00e9 se jich dr\u017eet, abyste se vyhnuli zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed-li na boku nebo na r\u00e1fku \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 informace, zde se m\u016f\u017eete inspirovat doporu\u010den\u00fdm tlakem pro cyklistu o v\u00e1ze 70 kg:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TYP <\/strong>
<\/strong>KOLA<\/strong><\/td>		\u0160\u00cd\u0158KA<\/strong>
<\/strong>PL\u00c1\u0160T\u011a<\/strong><\/td>		U <\/strong>P\u0158EDN\u00cd<\/strong>
<\/strong>PL\u00c1\u0160\u0164OVKY<\/strong><\/td>		U <\/strong>ZADN\u00cd<\/strong>
<\/strong>PL\u00c1\u0160\u0164OVKY<\/strong><\/td>		U <\/strong>P\u0158EDN\u00cdHO<\/strong>
<\/strong>BEZDU\u0160OV\u00c9HO <\/strong>PL\u00c1\u0160T\u011a <\/strong><\/td>		U <\/strong>ZADN\u00cdHO<\/strong>
<\/strong>BEZDU\u0160OV\u00c9HO <\/strong>PL\u00c1\u0160T\u011a<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Silni\u010dn\u00ed kolo<\/td>25 MM<\/td>90 PSI<\/td>93 PSI<\/td>80 PSI<\/td>83 PSI<\/td><\/tr>
M\u011bstsk\u00e9\/hybridn\u00ed kolo<\/td>35 MM<\/td>50 PSI<\/td>55 PSI<\/td>38 PSI<\/td>40 PSI<\/td><\/tr>
Gravelov\u00e9 kolo<\/td>35 MM<\/td>48 PSI<\/td>50 PSI<\/td>36 PSI<\/td>38 PSI<\/td><\/tr>
Horsk\u00e9 kolo 29\u201d<\/td>2.1\u201d<\/td>36 PSI <\/td>38 PSI<\/td>26 PSI<\/td>28 PSI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Ke ka\u017ed\u00fdm 5 kg v\u00e1hy p\u0159i\u010dt\u011bte\/ode\u010dt\u011bte 2 PSI u silni\u010dn\u00edch kol a 1 PSI u horsk\u00fdch, hybridn\u00edch a gravelov\u00fdch kol.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tato \u010d\u00edsla jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed. Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktorech, kter\u00e9 si te\u010f spole\u010dn\u011b projdeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoliv jich je v\u00edc, my se nyn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u0161est hlavn\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/li>
  2. Kostra pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/li>
  3. Bezdu\u0161ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>
  4. V\u00e1ha jezdce + vybaven\u00ed\/zavazadel a jejich rozlo\u017een\u00ed<\/li>
  5. Ter\u00e9n<\/li>
  6. Po\u010das\u00ed a teplota<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u010c\u00edm je pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b tlaku pot\u0159ebuje. Poj\u010fme si to v rychlosti vysv\u011btlit: Tlak je v podstat\u011b s\u00edla, kterou n\u011bjak\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed na ur\u010ditou plochu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to vzduch uvnit\u0159 du\u0161e nebo pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. Zv\u011bt\u0161\u00edte-li danou plochu (\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165), budete pot\u0159ebovat m\u00e9n\u011b tlaku (s\u00edly vnit\u0159n\u00edho vzduchu, kter\u00e1 tla\u010d\u00ed ven) ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu usazen\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b do r\u00e1fku, co\u017e je ze v\u0161eho nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jezd\u00edte-li na silni\u010dn\u00edm kole o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u016f od 25 do 28 mm nebo od 2,1\u201d do 2,3\u201d u horsk\u00fdch kol, pot\u0159ebujete m\u00e9n\u011b PSI. Ale o kolik m\u00e9n\u011b? P\u0159esn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo neexistuje, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je to zhruba o 10 % m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kostra pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, jejich\u017e kostra je vyrobena z materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je bavlna, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ty s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm TPI, v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b a jsou pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed. Pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdm TPI jsou t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pomalej\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le a jsou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di defekt\u016fm. Nyn\u00ed si logicky m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm TPI budou fungovat l\u00e9pe a p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dofouknut\u00ed nebude tolik doch\u00e1zet k defekt\u016fm. Na druhou stranu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed TPI umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit PSI, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1te lep\u0161\u00ed trakci nebo tlumen\u00ed, ani\u017e byste riskovali defekt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bezdu\u0161ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Bezdu\u0161ov\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017eete pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost a pohodl\u00ed nahustit m\u00e9n\u011b, ani\u017e byste se museli b\u00e1t, \u017ee p\u0159i najet\u00ed na hranu dojde k defektu. Rovn\u011b\u017e se tak vyhnete t\u0159en\u00ed du\u0161e o pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, co\u017e p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m PSI d\u011bl\u00e1 bezdu\u0161ov\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00edmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00e1ha jezdce + vybaven\u00ed\/zavazadel a jejich rozlo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u010clov\u011bk nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt raketov\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr, aby mu do\u0161lo, \u017ee na\u0161e v\u00e1ha a v\u0161e, co na kole vezeme, hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u016f. \u010c\u00edm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed jezdec, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch. Ke ka\u017ed\u00fdm 5 kg v\u00e1hy p\u0159i\u010dt\u011bte\/ode\u010dt\u011bte 2 PSI u silni\u010dn\u00edch kol a 1 PSI u horsk\u00fdch, hybridn\u00edch a gravelov\u00fdch kol, av\u0161ak v\u017edy se dr\u017ete ve v\u00fdrobcem doporu\u010den\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pozice jezdce na kole m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee zadn\u00ed kolo nese zhruba 60-70 % celkov\u00e9 v\u00e1hy. Tud\u00ed\u017e se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee je va\u0161e p\u0159edn\u00ed kolo nahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e to zadn\u00ed. M\u011blo by v n\u011bm b\u00fdt o 2-3 PSI m\u00e9n\u011b, ale i zde samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hraje roli va\u0161e pozice, discipl\u00edna a jezdeck\u00fd styl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ter\u00e9n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Na dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch, rovn\u00fdch silnic\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tlak tak velk\u00fd, jak n\u00e1m na\u0161e v\u00e1ha a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dovoluj\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mem v\u0161ak je, \u017ee dokonale hladk\u00fdch silnic moc nen\u00ed. Pokud nechcete c\u00edtit ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1raz, a negativn\u011b tak ovlivnit svou v\u00fdkonnost a pohodl\u00ed, je lep\u0161\u00ed dr\u017eet se v rozmez\u00ed 90-100 PSI. Takto bude v\u00e1\u0161 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rychlej\u0161\u00ed a pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 bude l\u00e9pe pohlcovat n\u00e1razy a men\u0161\u00ed vibrace, a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1te lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost v zat\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    U horsk\u00fdch a gravelov\u00fdch kol je to v\u0161ak trochu slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 tam b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ter\u00e9ny opravdu rozmanit\u00e9. Zde v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eeme doporu\u010dit pouze metodu pokus – omyl. Je lep\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tlakem, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji m\u016f\u017eete upou\u0161t\u011bt a pozorovat, co v\u00e1m vyhovuje a kolik PSI se hod\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ter\u00e9ny. C\u00edlem by m\u011bla b\u00fdt rovnov\u00e1ha mezi odolnost\u00ed proti defekt\u016fm, dostate\u010dnou p\u0159ilnavost\u00ed a pohodlnou j\u00edzdou bez omezen\u00ed rychlosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Po\u010das\u00ed a teplota<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Patrn\u011b ji\u017e v\u00edte, \u017ee v mokr\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch byste m\u011bli tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch trochu sn\u00ed\u017eit, ale nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bjte to. 2\u20133 PSI je tak akor\u00e1t, tedy za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee jezd\u00edte na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m tlaku v z\u00e1vislosti na va\u0161ich pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch, v\u00e1ze a ter\u00e9nu. Pokud to p\u0159e\u017eenete, pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b budou nestabiln\u00ed a ztrat\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost, co\u017e je p\u0159esn\u00fd opak toho, co chceme. Nav\u00edc se pak zvy\u0161uje riziko defektu, a to zejm\u00e9na u pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ovek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V bl\u00e1tiv\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch je dez\u00e9n pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s vysok\u00fdmi, tlust\u00fdmi a rozlo\u017een\u00fdmi v\u00fdstupky stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd jako sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    D\u016fle\u017eitou roli zde hraje i teplota. Zejm\u00e9na pak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy jsou velk\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy mezi vnit\u0159n\u00ed a venkovn\u00ed teplotou. \u010c\u00edm je tepleji, t\u00edm se tlak zvy\u0161uje a naopak. Na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 5 \u00b0C z\u00edsk\u00e1te, nebo ztrat\u00edte 1 PSI. Pokud nafukujete pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b doma p\u0159i teplot\u011b kolem 21,1 \u00b0C, zat\u00edmco venku je kolem 0 \u00b0C, ztrat\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kolem 4 PSI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5 z t\u011bchto 6 faktor\u016f najdete v t\u00e9to online kalkula\u010dce od Sramu<\/a>, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee zjistit optim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jak tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdkonnost<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160patn\u00fd tlak v pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch, a\u0165 u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, zejm\u00e9na pak co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159ilnavosti, pohodl\u00ed, valiv\u00e9ho odporu a defekt\u016f. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jsou jedin\u00fdm kontaktn\u00edm bodem se zem\u00ed, tato nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost se pak p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na cel\u00e9 kolo, pota\u017emo jezdce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi body jsme se ji\u017e v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zab\u00fdvali, ale men\u0161\u00ed rekapitulace neu\u0161kod\u00ed. Zde je seznam pro a proti n\u00edzk\u00e9ho a vysok\u00e9ho tlaku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u00edzk\u00fd tlak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n